What Does It Mean To Live The Good Life

What is â€Å"the good life†? This is one of the oldest philosophical questions. It has been posed in different ways—How should one live? What does it mean to â€Å"live well†?—but these are really just the same question. After all, everyone wants to live well, and no-one wants â€Å"the bad life.† But the question isn’t as simple as it sounds. Philosophers specialize in unpacking hidden complexities, and the concept of the good life is one of those that needs quite a bit of unpacking. The Moral Life One basic way we use the word â€Å"good† is to express moral approval. So when we say someone is living well or that they have lived a good life, we may simply mean that they are a good person, someone who is courageous, honest, trustworthy, kind, selfless, generous, helpful, loyal, principled, and so on. They possess and practice many of the most important virtues. And they don’t spend all their time merely pursuing their own pleasure; they devote a certain amount of time to activities that benefit others, perhaps through their engagement with family and friends, or through their work, or through various voluntary activities. This moral conception of the good life has had plenty of champions. Socrates and Plato both gave absolute priority to being a virtuous person over all other supposedly good things such as pleasure, wealth, or power. In Plato’s dialogue Gorgias, Socrates takes this position to an extreme. He argues that it is much better to suffer wrong than to do it; that a good man who has his eyes gouged out and is tortured to death is more fortunate than a corrupt person who has used wealth and power dishonorably. In his masterpiece, the Republic, Plato develops this argument in greater detail. The morally good person, he claims, enjoys a sort of inner harmony, whereas the wicked person, no matter how rich and powerful he may be or how many pleasure he enjoys, is disharmonious, fundamentally at odds with himself and the world. It is worth noting, though, that in both the Gorgias and the Republic, Plato bolsters his argument with a speculative account of an afterlife in which virtuous people are rewarded and wicked people are punished. Many religions also conceive of the good life in moral terms as a life lived according to God’s laws. A person who lives this way, obeying the commandments and performing the proper rituals, is pious. And in most religions, such piety will be rewarded. Obviously, many people do not receive their reward in this life. But devout believers are confident that their piety will not be in vain. Christian martyrs went singing to their deaths confident that they would soon be in heaven. Hindus expect that the law of karma will ensure that their good deeds and intentions will be rewarded, while evil actions and desires will be punished, either in this life or in future lives. The Life of Pleasure The ancient Greek philosopher Epicurus was one of the first to declare, bluntly, that what makes life worth living is that we can experience pleasure. Pleasure is enjoyable, it’s fun, it’s...well...pleasant! The view that pleasure is the good, or, to put I another way, that pleasure is what makes life worth living, is known as hedonism. The word â€Å"hedonist,† when applied to a person, has slightly negative connotations. It suggests that they are devoted to what some have called the â€Å"lower† pleasures such as sex, food, drink, and sensual indulgence in general. Epicurus was thought by some of his contemporaries to be advocating and practicing this sort of lifestyle, and even today an â€Å"epicure† is someone who is especially appreciative of food and drink. But this is a misrepresentation of Epicureanism. Epicurus certainly praised all kinds of pleasures. But he didn’t advocate that we lose ourselves in sensual debauchery for various reasons: Doing so will probably reduce our pleasures in the long run since over-indulgence tends to cause health problems and limit the range of pleasure we enjoy.The so-called â€Å"higher† pleasures such as friendship and study are at least as important as â€Å"pleasures of the flesh.The good life has to be virtuous. Although Epicurus disagreed with Plato about the value of pleasure, he fully agreed with him on this point. Today, this hedonistic conception of the good life is arguably dominant in Western culture. Even in everyday speech, if we say someone is â€Å"living the good life,† we probably mean that they enjoying lots of recreational pleasures: good food, good wine, skiing, scuba diving, lounging by the pool in the sun with a cocktail and a beautiful partner. What is key to this hedonistic conception of the good life is that it emphasizes subjective experiences. On this view, to describe a person as â€Å"happy† means that they â€Å"feel good,† and a happy life is one that contains many â€Å"feel good† experiences. The Fulfilled Life If Socrates emphasizes virtue and Epicurus emphasizes pleasure, another great Greek thinker, Aristotle, views the good life in a more comprehensive way. According to Aristotle, we all want to be happy. We value many things because they are a means to other things: for instance, we value money because it enables us to buy things we want; we value leisure because it gives us time to pursue our interests. But happiness is something we value not as a means to some other end but for its own sake. It has intrinsic value rather than instrumental value. So for Aristotle, the good life is a happy life. But what does that mean? Today, many people automatically think of happiness in subjectivist terms: to them, a person is happy if they are enjoying a positive state of mind, and their life is happy if this is true for them most of the time. There is a problem with this way of thinking about happiness in this way, though. Imagine a powerful sadist who spends much of his time gratifying cruel desires. Or imagine a pot-smoking, beer-guzzling couch potato who does nothing but sit around all day watching old TV shows and playing video games. These people may have plenty of pleasurable subjective experiences. But should we really describe them as â€Å"living well†? Aristotle would certainly say no. He agrees with Socrates that to live the good life one must be a morally good person. And he agrees with Epicurus that a happy life will involve many and varied pleasurable experiences. We can’t really say someone is living the good life if they are often miserable or constantly suffering. But Aristotle’s idea of what it means to live well is objectivist rather than subjectivist. It isn’t just a matter of how a person feels inside, although that does matter. It’s also important that certain objective conditions be satisfied. For instance: Virtue: They must be morally virtuous.Health: They should enjoy good health and reasonably long life.Prosperity: They should be comfortably off (for Aristotle this meant affluent enough so that they don’t need to work for a living doing something that they would not freely choose to do.)Friendship: They must have good friends. According to Aristotle human beings are innately social; so the good life can’t be that of a hermit, a recluse, or a misanthrope.Respect: They should enjoy the respect of others. Aristotle doesn’t think that fame or glory is necessary; in fact, a craving for fame can lead people astray, just as the desire for excessive wealth can. But ideally, a person’s qualities and achievements will be recognized by others.Luck: They need good luck. This is an example of Aristotle’s common sense. Any life can be rendered unhappy by tragic loss or misfortune.Engagement: They must exercise their uniquely human abilities and capacities. This i s why the couch potato is not living well, even if they report that they are content. Aristotle argues that what separates human beings from the other animals is the human reason. So the good life is one in which a person cultivates and exercises their rational faculties by, for instance, engaging in scientific inquiry, philosophical discussion, artistic creation, or legislation. Were he alive today he might well include some forms of technological innovation. If at the end of your life you can check all these boxes then you could reasonably claim to have lived well, to have achieved the good life. Of course, the great majority of people today do not belong to the leisure class as Aristotle did. They have to work for a living. But it’s still true that we think the ideal circumstance is to be doing for a living what you would choose to do anyway. So people who are able to pursue their calling are generally regarded as extremely fortunate. The Meaningful Life Recent research shows that people who have children are not necessarily happier than people who don’t have children. Indeed, during the child-raising years, and especially when children have turned into teenagers, parents typically have lower levels of happiness and higher levels of stress. But even though having children may not make people happier, it does seem to give them the sense that their lives are more meaningful. For many people, the well-being of their family, especially their children and grandchildren, is the main source of meaning in life. This outlook goes back a very long way. In ancient times, the definition of good fortune was to have lots of children who do well for themselves. But obviously, there can be other sources of meaning in a person’s life. They may, for instance, pursue a particular kind of work with great dedication: e.g. scientific research, artistic creation, or scholarship. They may devote themselves to a cause: e.g. fighting against racism; protecting the environment. Or they may be thoroughly immersed in and engaged with some particular community: e.g. a church; a soccer team; a school. The Finished Life The Greeks had a saying: Call no man happy until he’s dead. There is wisdom in this. In fact, one might want to amend it to: Call no man happy until he’s long dead. For sometimes a person can appear to live a fine life, and be able to check all the boxes—virtue, prosperity, friendship, respect, meaning, etc.—yet eventually be revealed as something other than what we thought they were. A good example of this Jimmy Saville, the British TV personality who was much admired in his lifetime but who, after he died, was exposed as a serial sexual predator. Cases like this bring out the great advantage of an objectivist rather than a subjectivist notion of what it means to live well. Jimmy Saville may have enjoyed his life. But surely, we would not want to say that he lived the good life. A truly good life is one that is both enviable and admirable in all or most of the ways outlined above.

Cbt Therapy - 5297 Words

CBT to Treat Generalized Anxiety Cognitive Therapy (CT) or Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) was pioneered by Dr. Aaron T. Beck in the 1960s, while he was a psychiatrist and professor at the University of Pennsylvania. Before being hired for this job he had practiced psychoanalysis elsewhere and became interested in advancing the field. While at the University of Pennsylvania Dr. Beck designed and carried out several experiments to test psychoanalytic concepts that delta with depression. Through this research Dr. Beck was hoping to validate the fundamental concepts associated with psychoanalytic therapy, during his studies he was surprised to find the opposite. Instead of validating his previous studies he founded the concept of†¦show more content†¦Cognition can involve anything dealing with judging, conceiving, reasoning and remembering. Cognition can be anything that one think. In cognitive therapy these are usually negative thoughts. These thoughts are usually what therapy sessions are centered around Beck identified six different types of faulty thinking: 1. ARBITRARY INFERENCE - Drawing conclusions about oneself or the world without sufficient and relevant information. 2. SELECTIVE ABSTRACTION - Drawing conclusion from very isolated details and events without considering the larger context or picture. 3. OVERGENERALIZATION - Holding extreme beliefs on the basis of a single incident and applying it to a different or dissimilar and inappropriate situation. 4. MAGNIFICATION AND EXAGGERATION - The process of overestimating the significance of negative events. 5. PERSONALIZATION - Relating external events to one another when no objective basis for such a connection is apparent. 6. POLARIZED THINKING - An all-or-nothing, good or bad, and either-or approach to viewing the world. therapy sessions can be done individually,with a group of people, and more recently popular with a self-help book or computer program ( individual and group therapy are more widely known forms of therapy however with the fast pace and technology savvy world we live in today self-help and computer based programs are growing in popularity, self-help booksShow MoreRelatedCognitive Behavior Therapy ( Cbt ) Essay1174 Words   |  5 PagesCognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is now growing within today’s society. It is very popular as it is efficient with known to have long lasting treatments for with many individuals who suffer from psychological problems. However, there has been some parsimony and empiricism within in CBT, it aims to be parsimonious. CBT is a short intensive course. The course of the treatment mostly lasts 30-60 minutes long with 5-20 sessions. 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It has become the psychotherapy investigated most extensively due to its wildly application to various disorders and mental problems (Butler, Chapman, Forman, Beck, 2006). One salient advantage of CBT is its flexibility. It is adaptable to different age groups and various cultural backgrounds in both individual and group settingRead MoreCognitive Behavioral Therapy ( Cbt )1134 Words   |  5 Pagesneed help. There are different ways to help with PTSD, but the most effective treatment is cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). CBT is the most effective treatment option for veterans because it focuses on committing the mind on present day and future events, relieves the mind of the traumatic events, and has been proven to help with a variety of mental illnesses. The therapist helping with CBT will attempt to help understand and change the effects and how to think about the trauma. He or she will help

Case Study Law free essay sample

Determine whether the following employees are within the scope of the Employment Act, the Sabah Labour Ordinance or the Sarawak Labour Ordinance. For each employee, explain their rights in the situations described. a) Janet is a HR Executive earning RM1,800 per month. She is 8 months pregnant and has been on sick leave for most of the last 2 months. The company wants her to start her maternity leave immediately. Mimi is a Production Executive earning RM5,000 per month. She is now 5 months pregnant and the company has persuaded her to take 42 days instead of 60 days of maternity leave. (10 marks) Answer: Janet income for every month is RM 1,800, thus, according to First Schedule; she is covered by the Employment Act because her wages do not exceed RM 2,000 per month. Besides that, referring to Section 37 (1), every female employee shall be entitled to maternity leave for a period of not less than 60 days in respect of each confinement. We will write a custom essay sample on Case Study Law or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Under this section also, there is a need to take a leave if a medical officer or the registered medical practitioner unable to perform her duties satisfactorily. The employee may be required to commence her maternity leave at any time during a period of 14 days preceding the date of her confinement as determined by medical officer or the registered medical practitioner. Next, under this section, there is also stated an employee shall not commence earlier than a period of 30 days immediately preceding the confinement of a female employee or later than the day immediately following her confinement. According to Section 60F, if Janet has been working for less than 2 years, she is entitled to get 14 days leave, 18 days if has been employed for 2 years and not more than 5 years, and 22 days for more than 5 years of service. 60 days if hospitalization is necessary, as may be certified by registered medical practitioner or medical officer. Thus, after 60 days have been used, it will be considered as unpaid leave. In conclusion, Janet has been on sick leave for most of 2 months, her employer may ask her to commerce the maternity leave 14 days before the confinement upon certified by registered medical practitioner or Janet may take the maternity leave prior to actual confinement for up to maximum 30 days before her due date. For the Mimi’s case, referring to Section 44A stated that the whole part on maternity protection is applicable to every female employee engaged under a contract of service irrespective of wages. According to First Schedule, she is not covered under the Employment Act because her wages exceed to RM 2,000 but under Section 69B, the powers of the Director General under section 69(1)(a) shall extend to employees whose wages per month exceed RM 1,500 but does not exceed RM 5,000 and the complaints must be on cash entitlement written in employment contract. Referring to Section 37(1), a female em ployee shall be entitled to maternity leave for a period of not less 60 consecutive days in respect of each confinement and entitled to receive from her employer a maternity allowance to be calculated. A female employee, who does not satisfy for maternity allowance, she may with the consent of employer, commence work at any time during the eligible period if she has been certified fit to resume work by a registered medical practitioner. Therefore, if Mimi is willing and fulfilled the condition to resume work by registered medical practitioner, she may take the 42 days instead of 60 days of maternity leave as requested by her company. b) Sulaiman is a driver with TZ Company Sdn Bhd. He was on annual leave on 12 13 June. 4 15 were Public Holidays. 16 was Sunday. On 17 18, the local bomoh gave him a sick certificate after treating him for the hallucinations that he had been having. When he came to work on the 19 June, the Personnel Manager said â€Å"you have self-terminated your employment†. (10 marks) Answer: Referring to First Schedule of Employment Act 1955, Sulaiman is covered by the Act because he is working as driver and engaged in the operation of any mechanically propelled vehicle operated for the transport of passengers or goods. According to Section 59, Sulaiman is entitled for rest day of 1 day in a week the or in the case of an employee engaged in shift work any continuous period of not less than 30 hours shall constitute a rest day. Thus, if Sulaiman’s rest day fall on Sunday, he is entitled to absent from work. For annual leave can be used under Section 60D where Sulaiman is entitled for paid annual leave upon working 12 month of service and depending on the length of service. days for employment period less than 2 years, 12 days for employment period more than 2 years but less than 5 years and 16 days for employment period of more than 5 years. According to Section 60F, Sulaiman is entitled to get sick leave depending on the length of employment period. 14 day for employment period less than 2 years, 18 days for employment period more than 2 years but less than 5 years and 22 days for employment period of more than 5 years. To be entitled to paid sick leave, employee should get the certified si ck by a registered medical practitioner. In this case, the local bomoh is not certified medical practitioner, therefore, Sulaiman’s sick certificate is invalid. In conclusion, according to Section 15, an employee shall be deemed to have broken his contract of service with the employer if he has been continuously absent from work form more than 2 consecutive days without prior leave from his employer, unless has reasonable excuse for such absence and has informed or attempted to inform his employer. The Personnel Manager said that Sulaiman had self-terminated his own employment can be refer under this section. Furthermore, Sulaiman do not submit valid sick certificate, thus he may state his excuse to the company for not being well to carrying out his duty on that day. QUESTION 2 a) List two (2) major employment laws. (5 marks) There are a number of employment laws in Malaysia such as Employment Act 1955 and Industrial Relations Act 1967. The Employment Act 1955 protect workers from exploitation and provides the minimum terms and conditions of services for employees that stated in the First schedule. This act is applicable to West Malaysia only. The Industrial Relations Act 1967 provide for the regulation of the relations between employers and workmen and their unions as well as laying down rules to help prevent and settle disputes between the two parties, thus ensuring peaceful industrial relations as far as possible. This act is applicable to whole country. b) Discuss the purpose of each law and the department in the Ministry of Human Resources responsible for enforcing each of these laws. (10 marks) Employment Act 1955 Employment Act 1955 is the most important legislation with regard to employment in Malaysia. It provides benefits for these workers covered by the Act. It has been established and given certain rights or benefits for both employer and employees. The purposes of Employment Act 1955 are to establish for certain rights or benefits for both employers and employees and to provide a minimum benefits for these workers covered by act. The Department of Labor in Peninsular Malaysia is responsible to ensuring all employers comply with the acts requirements. Among the functions carried out by this department are carries out impactions and prosecutes employers when necessary, advises an employer on government policies and their implementation on the workplace. Furthermore, the department of labor also investigates claims of unfair labor practices make the decision on an employee’ claims. On the other hand, the department of labor also responsible to answer the queries on employment acts and also assists in solving the problem. Industrial Relations Act 1967 The purpose of Industrial Relations Act 1967 is to provide for the regulation of the relations between employers and workmen and their trade unions. This act emphasizes on direct negotiation between employers and workmen or employees and their trade unions to settle their differences and to regulate their collective relationship and to settle any dispute arising therefrom though their own effort and through mutually agreed procedures with minimal government intervention. Under the Industrial Relation Act 1967, the legitimate rights of employers and workmen or employees and their trade are protected. This act also provides the procedure relating to submissions of claims for recognition and scope and representation of trade union and collective bargaining. The Department of Industrial Relations Malaysia is responsible in enforcing law in Industrial Relations Act 1967. The objectives are the promotion and maintenance of positive and harmonious relations between employers and employees and their respective trade union and organization. The function of Department of Industrial Relations Malaysia is to coordinate communication between the organizations of employers and workers’ organizations to promote and preserve the tripartite relationship between the government, employers and workers in the field of industrial relations. Providing advice to employers and employees to promote well and practices healthy industrial relations.   Discuss the differences between ‘contract of service’ and ‘contract for service’. 5 marks) According to section 2, contract of service is any agreement whether oral or in writing and whether express and implied, whereby one person agreed to employ another as an employee and that other agrees to serve his employer as an employee and includes an apprenticeship contract. In contract of service, there are relationship between employee and employer such as wages, hours of work, conditions of the service and other conditions that employees should serve to the em ployer. Contract for service is a contract between principal and contractor to carry out the whole or any part of any work undertaken by the principal in the course of or for the purposes of the principal’s trade or business. Contract for services refers to a person who provides his services to his clients. There is no employer and employee relationship. The person is usually self-employed or may provide his or her services on a freelance basis at a fee. b) Differentiate, with examples, express and implied terms in employment contracts. (10 marks) Employment contracts should be drafted in such a way that they are as clear and possible. The terms are the contents of the contract or the promises made by each party to the other. A contract of employment does not have to be in writing. The employment contracts must be carefully drafted that fulfill the certain criteria such as must compliant with the law, written in a language the employee can understand and includes all the necessary terms and conditions. There are two types of the terms in employment contract which are in express terms and implied terms. The express terms of a contract are usually found in letters of appointment, company handbook and collective agreement. Express term is a contract in which the terms of the employment are stated in words either agreed oral or written. According to section 10, a contract of service for a specified period of time exceeding one month shall be in writing. The requirement that need to be in an express terms of contract are job title, wages, holiday and leave entitlement and other terms that compliant to the employment law. The example of express terms is the employee should give termination notice to the employer according to the terms and conditions that are stated in offer letter or any agreed oral between the two parties. Another example is the employer should give the holiday entitlement or annual entitlement according mutual agreement between the employee and employer and any stated in offer letter and also company books. If a worker has no written letter of appointment, it does not mean that no contract of employment exists between him and his employer. It is call implied terms in employment contracts. These are not expressly or explicitly stated because in the main they are fairly obvious to both parties to the contract of employment. Implied terms include statutory rights, such as the right to equal pay and duties such as duty of care. Implied terms means the duties and obligation of both parties are not expressed but are implied by their acts or conducts. Both indicate by their conduct that they have a mutual agreement and need not express the agreement in words. The employer and employee have a duty of care towards each other and other employees. This means, for instance, that the employer should provide a safe working environment for the employee and the employee should use machinery safely. An employee has a duty to obey any reasonable instructions given by the employer. For example, a lorry driver should not be told to drive an uninsured or untaxed vehicle. There is no legal definition of reasonable, but it would not be reasonable to tell an employee to do something unlawful.

Teilhard De Chardin - Place Of Man In The Universe Essays

Teilhard De Chardin - Place Of Man In The Universe Before the world was made, he chose us, chose us in Christ, to be holy and spotless, and to live through love in his presence, determining that we should become his adopted sons, through Jesus Christ. (Eph. I, 4-5). These powerful words of St. Paul in his first letter to the Ephesians, I think, best characterize the spirit of Teilhard the Chardin, his idea of man and man's place in the universe, and of the common goals of humanity. Just imagine somebody? Somebody, whose whole life was a continuous prayer to God, a prayer, in which he constantly asked to break through the seal of traditional authority and common ignorance, and explore the depth of reality, the ultimate beginning and the ultimate end, and the reasons behind the emergence of life and conscious beings in the universe. Of course, that means that your books are put on the Index and you are almost made into a heretic by the True and Holy Catholic Church. But he didn't give up. He clearly saw his goals, his purpose. It was his life's work, to trace back the origins of mankind, and to speculate of its goals and ultimate outcome. It was his type of spirituality, scientific spirituality, that drove him incessantly to spend sleepless nights trying to make sense out of scientific facts, to tie them together with what seemed apparent, and with that which didn't seem so apparent. And the best he came up with was a simple statement, We Are All One. Life is ete rnal, love is immortal, and death is but a horizon. Life Is, he would say if someone would have asked him, what is life? Life Is, and ever was, and forever will be - world without end. Composite matter dies and falls apart, but spirit remains. And with it - that indelible part of it, the nuclei of personality, the individual particles which have been with us from the very beginning, which grow and evolve with us, and which strive towards common union into a whole, with God as the center? In my paper, I will discuss Pierre Teilhard de Chardin's idea of man's place in the universe, as presented in a variety of his works. I will be using mostly primary sources for my research, as well as talks delivered at the Centennial Teilhard de Chardin Symposium at Georgetown University, and books written by Teilhard's friends or contemporaries. In most of his works, Teilhard establishes a link between anthropology and metaphysics, between science and religion. They are an attempt to understand the universe through man, who is very much part of it. In them, we can see Teilhard's vision of harmony of duality of the universe, which is composed of matter and spirit. Union of matter and mind, of the cosmos and the spirit of the universe, and the evolving of one into the other is one of the main ideas behind all of Teilhard's works. He tries to prove that life didn't emerge by accident, but was a product of evolution. And man has his own place in the evolution of the universe. First of all, universe is not static. That is, there is no permanence in it. Everything is in the constant process of change, and a particular kind of change - evolution. How did man come to be, asks de Chardin. And the only plausible conclusion he can make is, that human being is a link in a chain of evolution. What was before man? And how does God fit into the whole picture? Let us follow Teilhard in his understanding of the universe through ourselves, human beings. Has there always been conscious life in our universe? No, would be Teilhard's answer. Emergence of consciousness was indeed a breakthrough in the evolution of the world. But what kind of a breakthrough? What is the primordial element that gave rise to life in the universe? What is it composed of? As a Catholic priest, he should say, well, the universe was created by God out of nothing in six days, and culminated in the creation of man out of earth. And this Old Testament myth, however surprising it

Concert Violence essays

Concert Violence essays Aggressive Behavior at Rock Concerts Pantera, Slayer, Slipknot, System of a Down...all these are bands. These are bands that have been associated with violent behavior since their inception. Their lyrics incite aggressive emotions, which follows up with fast paced music. These are signs for concert violence. However, the question that needs to be asked is why does this happen. Sure we can say its because the music is loud, or that they incite people with their lyrics, but it doesnt seem like many people are stepping forward in the general public to explain why this is. The key word is why. This can be explained. Rock music has always been associated with violence. The first rock concert in 1952 (called a Moon Dog Ball), which was organized by disc jockey Alan Freed, resulted in a riot that sent mobs of young people rampaging through the streets of Cleveland, Ohio. Riots, beatings, and stabbings occurred at other Freed concerts. Following a riot in Boston in 1958, rock concerts were banned in several cities and Freed was kicked out of the concert business. Freed, called by Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock "the original Pied Piper of rock flower power age of the 60s and 70s, bands like The Who, Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath, The Doors, Deep Purple, Blue Oyster Cult, and more, had a monumental influence on rock and roll and how people perceived violence. Evidence of this can be collected right off the soundtracks. For example, Black Sabbath, performed by Black Sabbath, has this portion from the song: Pit black shape with eyes of fire ...

A History of the Arab Peoples Albert Hourani Essay Example for Free

A History of the Arab Peoples Albert Hourani Essay ? Albert Hourani’s book â€Å"A History of the Arab people highlights the Arab history in general since the early beginning of Islam –and even before that-, till the modern ages in the nineteenth century. The book is great for westerners interested in the Arabs and for Arabs, who are not familiar with their history. The book is a good add to any interested reader. Back ground information Lebanese-American historian Albert Tourane represent this book as an addition to his previous works discussing Arab’s history and Arabian affairs such as, Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age, 1789-1939,which was first published in 1962. It would be a mistake to deal with this book as a pure history book. It’s not depending only on dates and chronological extent of the Arabic people and civilization and this is a good point to build our review on it. Summary Hourani’s book begins with the story of Ibn-Khaldon, the great Arab socialist. The following chapter talks about the appearance of Islam and Muhammad and then his successors and the formation of the Islamic empire 3 . Next, the book talks about the Islamic society and its Koranic accounts 4 with the great revolution in translating science and Greek philosophy with the appearance of Sufism 5 . Islamic expansion and the description of minorities like Jews and Christians 6 followed. Life in countryside 7 and cities 8 and the rulers of the societies 9 were mentioned in later pages. † way of Islam† 1o and â€Å"The culture of the Ulema† 11 are two chapters talking about the faith in Islam with sense of community and low determination. The book also shows how culture was well represented 12 and how the following Ottoman empire 13 sustained the Arab world, with a brief description of Ottoman societies 14 . Chapter fifteen starts talking about the eighteenth century 15 and the European powers in the Arabic areas 16 like French intervention in Algeria. Opening of Suez Canal and Zionism arose with Jews settled in Palestine 16 and how the culture of Imperialism 17 started to have a loud voice in the area. Word War One 18 and its influence discussed in Chapter nineteen 19 with the modern life in Arabic societies 20 . Book show how the emergence of Israel started and the independent movements were held from French & British and The tragedy of the triple attack on Egypt on 195621. Chapter twenty two 22 show a rapid change in Arabic societies and the Arabic culture extended 23 with the climax of Arabism started from 1950s 23 . Final chapters of the book discussed the difference between Arabs, the sudden death of Nasser and the 1973 war between Egypt and Israel 24. final chapter states some major problems in the area, including Kurds struggle for independence, Sudan problem and women issues. Number of twenty pages of maps followed, which make a great way to represent the places that was mentioned in the book. Evaluation of the book This book is well represented with all the illustration and maps introduced. The Index is well-written and helpful in finding any information directly. As mentioned before, the book couldn’t be categorized as a history book; its better described as Social-history book and starting with the life of Ibn-Khaldun is such evidence. It represents a vast look on the Arabic societies through history, describing the life style, science, different religion and civilization. Many chapters described the same period of time but dealing with different subjects, like chapters twenty 25 two and twenty three 26 in the (1950s and 1960s). From the other point of view, this book skims some important details such as, the detailed pre-Islamic era, the great empires of Umayyad and Abbasid which was represented with partly amount of pages that doesn’t exceed seven pages in some cases. Also the detailed life of Prophet Muhammad, which has a great impact on the Arabic societies. Also Crusaders wars weren’t well mentioned, although it has a very huge impact on Arabs in its time. Conclusion Dealing with the history of Arabs is such a great effort and a hard game to play. This book tried to do the most of the job with a different way, which is representing history from the social point of view. I would recommend this book if one already has a minimum knowledge and understanding of Arab history . Otherwise I recommend alternatives such as, History of the Arabs from the earliest times to the present, of Philip Hitti. It would be useful for a good specialized historical reading. A History of the Arab Peoples Albert Hourani. (2017, Apr 17).

Analysis Ford UK Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Analysis Ford UK - Coursework Example Instead of having severe rivalry Ford has sustained in the market and has gained competitive advantage over others. Societal marketing is a concept of marketing that is adopted by various companies and organizations in order to build the ethical and social considerations. By adopting societal marketing strategy the company is required to balance and resolve the conflicting profits of the company, satisfaction of the consumers and also the public interest. Here in this case considering the societal marketing strategy adopted by Ford because people now an s gift days are exchanging and communicating value in the market place. Ford identified the digital space economy which it considered to be the gift economy where the value for the services do not progress slowly but in a galloping mode between the consumers which helps Ford in providing a return for its brand and providing the value for the corporation. By adopting societal marketing Ford found that its brand was converted into an agent and also enabling cultural production that is providing fun. In order to serve well to its customers the marketers are adopting social marketing strategy. Now a day’s societal marketing is attaining the advantage and the attention of the consumer and therefore it is expected to continue in order to get it into practice. The societal marketing is considered as important and an excellent tactic and tool for promotion with various social parameters and exploring the response and behaviour of the consumers. The main aim or objective of the societal marketing is positioning the product or the service offered. Positioning can be defined as the creativity or the strategy that is adopted for designing the offerings of the company and occupying an image in order to occupy a place in the mind of the target consumers and market (Boone and Kurtz, 2011) Ford is considered as one of the first automotive companies of America and even today Ford successfully manufactures trucks,